Linum sulcatum Riddell

Grooved Yellow Flax

© DETenaglia

Family - Linaceae

Habit - Taprooted annual forb.

Stems - Ascending to erect, to 85 cm, solitary, often branching near the apex, glabrous, usually with fine longitudinal lines but not prominently ridged, terete.

	Stem and leaf bases. The vestigal stipules, appearing as a pair of dark dots at the base of each leaf, are diagnostic for this species.
© SRTurner

Leaves - Alternate, simple, sessile. Stipules sessile glands, visible as a pair of small dark dots at the leaf base. Blades 2.0-2.7 cm long, 2-3 mm wide, linear to linear-lanceolate, tapered to a sharply pointed tip, with single midrib, the margins entire (sometimes the bracteal leaves in the inflorescence with inconspicuous glandular teeth), the surfaces and margins glabrous.

	Stem and leaves.
© SRTurner

	Leaf adaxial.
© SRTurner

	Leaf abaxial.
© SRTurner

	Pressed leaves.
© DETenaglia

	Another view of the stipular dots.
© DETenaglia

Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary loose panicles or racemes. Each flower subtended by a foliaceous bract. Bracts glandular-serrulate. Pedicels glabrous, 2-3 mm in flower, slightly elongating in fruit to 4-5 mm.

	Inflorescence.
© SRTurner

	Inflorescence.
© SRTurner

	Flowers.
© SRTurner

Flowers - Sepals 3.5-7 mm long, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, those of both inner and outer whorls with prominent glandular teeth along the margins. Petals 5, glabrous externally, pubescent near base internally, 5-6 mm long, pale yellow to light yellow. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments scarious, compressed and united at base into short tube under the ovary, glabrous, 4 mm long, slightly yellowish near the apex. Styles 5, fused for about 1 mm at the base, 3-5 mm long. Ovary superior, green, 5-locular, (1-2 ovules per locule), glabrous, globose-ovoid, 1.5 mm in diameter.

	Calyx.
© SRTurner

	Corolla.
© SRTurner

	Corollas.
© SRTurner

Fruits - Capsules 2.5-3.5 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, globose to somewhat ovoid, readily shattering at maturity and breaking into 10 mericarps, each 1-seeded, more or less rounded across the dorsal surface, the septa moderately to densely hairy along the ventral margins, the mature fruits lacking purple stripes. Seeds 1.5-2.1 mm long, reddish brown.

	Young fruit. Note the prominent teeth on the sepal margins.
© SRTurner

	Fruits.
© SRTurner

Flowering - May - September.

Habitat - Glades, prairies, upland forest openings.

Origin - Native to the U.S.

Other info. - This little plant is inconspicuous when not in flower but is still easy to identify from the pair of opposing, blackish glands at the base of each leaf. These are sufficient to uniquely identify the plant to species; however, they are tiny and most readily observed using a hand lens. The plant is found in a number of counties scattered across Missouri, most commonly in the southwestern quadrant of the state. Its main range beyond Missouri falls within a vertical band in the central part of the continental U.S.

Missouri plants belong to var. sulcatum. Another variety, var. harperi, is endemic to a small region in the southeastern U.S. It differs in having shorter sepals and purple-spotted stems.

Photographs taken at the Peck Ranch Wildlife Refuge, Reynolds County, MO., 7-7-01, and at Busiek State Forest, MO., 6-17-05 (DETenaglia); also at Victoria Glade Conservation Area, Jefferson County, MO, 8-19-2020, and Glade Top Trail National Scenic Byway, Ozark County, MO, 8-16-2023 (SRTurner).